Danish Architecture

Overview

The architecture of Denmark began during the Viking period. Due to archaeological evidence, the architecture was completely exposed. Danish architecture became much more popular in the Middle Ages when Romanesque churches and cathedrals were built more frequently throughout the country. It became even more common when Gothic churches and cathedrals began to pop up. In this time period, brick became the building material of choice. This is because Denmark had little to no access to stone. Brick became very common for churches, fortifications and castles. Danish architecture has seen many styles including (but not limited to) Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassical, Classicism, Expressionism, Functionalism and Modernism.

The Beginning of Danish Architecture

Archaeological excavations in different parts of Denmark have shown us a great deal about how the Vikings lived. One of the most famous sites is Hedeby, which is roughly 45 km south of the border of Denmark. It is estimated that it dates back to the late 8th century. The houses in Hedeby are said to be some of the most stylish dwellings of their time.

Viking ring houses have a very different shape that resembles a ship. The walls of Viking ring houses usually stick out. An example of one of these sites is Trelleborgnear, which is near Slagelse on the Danish island of Zealand. Every house here had a large central hall and two smaller rooms at each end of the house.

The Influence of Frederick II and Christian IV on Danish Architecture

Both Frederick II and Christian IV were inspired by French, Dutch and Flemish architecture (particularly castles). Under their influence, designers were brought to Denmark to better the country’s fortifications. Shortly after, these designers were used to build grand, Renaissance style royal castles and palaces.

Christian IV also became one of the first supporters of Baroque. This style was popular for a significant amount of time and brought with it many famous and grandiose buildings in the capital and the provinces.

Originally, Neoclassicism originated in France but was gradually adopted by local Danish architects. A creative period of Historicism eventually fused into the 19th century National Romantic style.

It was not until the 1960s that Danish architects began to be noticed throughout the world because of their very successful Functionalism. Danish architects can now be accredited to world-class masterpieces including the Sydney Opera House and the Great Belt Bridge. Because of these achievements, it has greatly helped other Danish designers to become recognized and rewarded in Denmark and internationally.

International Presence

The architecture firm Henning Larsen Architects is very reputable in the Nordic countries. They are now an international company and are very successful in the Middle East. They have numerous projects in Saudi Arabia and Syria, including the Massar Discovery Centre in Damascus.

Another Danish architectural agency named 3XN has designed the award-winning Muziekgebouw Concert Hall in Amsterdam and the new Museum of Liverpool. They also won a contest for the design of a new headquarters for Deutsche Bahn in Berlin.